Abortion Should Be A Womans Choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Abortion Should Be A Womans Choice - Essay Example This substantially includes fighting for the women’s freedom to choose; especially those they think may be the best options for them in consideration of some circumstances or factors. This blog includes some social issues that could influence the choice for abortion as an alternative course of action among women. In particular, the proponent tries to establish the point that these issues are influential prior to the actual decisions of women to go for abortion or any other relevant means. In addition, this blog will serve as a way of information dissemination without showing any partiality, but just to demonstrate the reality why some women may probably result to abortion as a course of action. The problem Abortion is a controversial social issue because it does not only include subjects about the law, but directly concerns women’s health. This is a social issue that needs to be addressed because it deals with life. Concerning this, people have varying point of views, creating a need to establish or draw the line of understanding. The variation of points on abortion could stand as an ultimate problem because its existence could possibly lead to varied concerns and ideas. This would then raise a remarkable point whether abortion is part of the woman’s choice. However, such a choice must be backed up with relevant justifications and this is where the point of the proposed blog sets in. Discussion of activity A blog, which is attached in this article, could be a remarkable way to address some problems associated with abortion and the women’s choice to go for it. This blog disregards the associated personal belief about abortion, the issues of violence and illegality. In the following section is the proponent’s reflection on abortion, including some point of views that could be the bases of the course of actions or the kind of choices women should initiate concerning abortion as their personal choice. The proponent chose to use a blog because it is a remarkable opportunity not only to educate everyone, but could show the readers some perspectives that need substantial considerations prior to the actual choices or alternative course of actions concerning abortion and women’s choice to go for it. The creation of this blog relates to class materials because of the following reasons. First, this blogging activity concerns the studies about women part icularly on their specific and probable response to some issues. For instance, part of the issues concerning feminism is the idea about single parenting, by which a woman could raise a child by herself, an activity that has been proven by time (Shaw and Lee 31). Women nowadays could eventually do their own way to raise a family with the existence of single parents. However, this activity requires financial considerations. Women who are single parents have to shoulder everything all by themselves and they have to face the need to address health concerns that at some point would require consideration of financial matters in great detail. Second, this blogging activity tries to point out the idea that women need to be given the chance to decide what they might think good for them based on some existing situations. This is a highly political issue because this concept has long been discussed in relation to the idea about feminism. Feminist politics for instance has become a controversia l point and so the issue about abortion as a personal choice among women has become a significant component of this concern (Shaw and Lee 34). Third, this blogging activity also deals with the issue of health and poverty which have been part of the women’s life and their actual choice about abortion. This point remarkably considers the above two points,

Impact of Adderall

Impact of Adderall Higher and Higher Within weeks of deceiving his doctor into prescribing Adderall, Jamison Monroes grade rose steadily through Christmas. That D in biology raised to a B and heading higher. As far as his parents were concerned, what had been holding back their son for the first two months of high school was his ADHD. No one suspected a thing. Jamison kept Adderalls dire effects to himself. He got horribly dehydrated, particularly in the spring when he played on the baseball team. So as sophomore year began, he gave up sports and started taking the pills only on the nights he needed to cram. In the summer after his freshman year, Jamison attended his older sisters wedding. He enjoyed a strange new feeling as he tasted the champagne. He had tasted alcohol before, but this time it untended his body. Before long, he had five flutes of champagne and a few glasses of white wine. He ended up puking in the bathroom. But he woke up the next morning wanting to do it again. Champagne was too expensive, so Jamison began heading to liquor stores for beers with three of his buddies. First on weekends and then as a routine after school. His friends would take hours to sober up, but Jamison had a secret: any hangover was solved with another pill. By the end of sophomore year, the twelve-packs became Jack Daniels and Coke. On the last day of classes, Jamison and his two buddies went to McDonalds for food and to get cups, lids, and straws to disguise their Jack and Coke from any curious cops. By noon they came back to school with one last plan. Their English teacher, Mrs. Morse, was on away for the week. Maybe the final exam was in her office. While they were in Mrs. Morses office copying down the questions and answers, they heard footsteps. Jamison threw everything back in the drawer and they got out. They were walking slowly down the hall when Peter, one of Jamisons buddies, realized that they had left a piece of paper with his name and Jamisons handwriting in the office. They went back to retrieve it. The footsteps had belonged to a teacher who had locked Mrs. Morses office and watched from down the hall as the boys jerked the doorknob with increasing panic. The three boys were immediately expelled from St. Johns. With Jamisons good reputation, Episcopal High was told everything about Jamisons incident and still admitted him. During his junior and senior years, he found out that Adderall countered not just the effects of alcohol, but also the lethargy from the marijuana he began to enjoy. But Adderall couldnt keep his grades up. But he had scored a respectable 1320 out of 1600 on the SAT, the University of Texas would admit him if he went to its summer program and received at least a B in biology. He figured he needed to get at least 98 to raise his D to a B. With lots Adderall and cramming in the final week; he got a 100. Jamisons summer at Texass summer program taught him a new and improved way to enjoy his Adderall: snorting it. Most experts agree that the effects of cocaine and stimulants, when snorted, can be remarkably similar. Jamisons first semester at the University of Texas became a mood-modulating haze of alcohol, Adderall, and Valium. Jamison went home to Houston during Thanksgiving break. He was arrested for DUI and ultimately bailed out by his parents. A judge required him to be examined by a psychologist who told the family that Jamison had three options: kill himself in a car accident; kill someone else in a car accident; or go to drug rehab. Jamison decided to go the drug rehab. Nestled on a peninsula fifty miles north of Seattle, Gray Wolf Ranch was like Club Med. Up to fourteen young men would blend their addiction therapy with outdoor fun.   He was allowed no alcohol, pot, cocaine, or any other drugs except for his daily dose of Adderall. Jamison emerged after three and a half months totally sober, except for his continued affinity for amphetamines. He returned to college, avoided his old UT temptations by enrolling at the University of St. Thomas in Houston. Two years later, he made the St. Thomas deans list and posted a 3.8 grade point average. Adderall had a lot to do with it. He was still using the pills to study. After Jamison transferred back to Texas to try to finish his government degree there, he returned to his old cycle of cramming with Adderall. By Christmas he had failed out of the University of Texas for a second time. He went back to rehab to a different treatment center in southern California. This time, therapies pushed Jamison to explore his Adderall use specifically. His father joined the therapy sessions and got to know his son. He asked Jamison what he wanted to do. Jamison said he wanted to open his own treatment center for teenagers like he was when this all stared. His father offered his support. He told Jamison if he learned the ropes by working at some other treatment centers for a whole, and developed a legitimate business plan, he would provide some seed money. In March 2006, Jamison left rehab for the final time. He got a job as a counselor at a local treatment center in Southern California and moved up the ladder and began managing the medication window. He spent his nights churning out a business plan for his own treatment center, estimating $6 million in start up cost. His father had wealthy friends and associates who remembered Jamisons smarts and trusted that he had finally turned the corner. By April 2008, Jamison had assembled enough investors to start building a girls-only program. Newport Academy officially open on May 12. One week later, a 17-year-old girl named Kristin Parber joined the program to get off cocaine and vodka.

Cyprus :: History

Cyprus A TIME TO REMEMBER Experience cautions us that irreparable damage could be done by those who somehow seem to regard Cyprus as a dazzling intellectual challenge and fail to put human faces behind the issues. Of one thing we can be sure: They will not be around when their ill-conceived paper glory is blown away in the storm that is bound to follow. It has been 35 years since the stationing on the island of a UN peace-keeping force that could prevent neither a secret invasion by Greece nor the continuation of the entire range of faits accomplis created by force over the next 11 years. KORKMAZ HAKTANIR Founding Member of the Cyprus Foundation It was September, still warm in daytime, but a welcome cool descended on the central plain by nightfall. The window panes had cracks in them and there were bullet holes on the walls. The house was on what used to be the northern edge of the Turkish quarter. No one had lived on the second floor since it had come under gunfire from a tall and ugly building down the street occupied by Greek Cypriots. I was the first tenant after many years. When I began, in this way, to live in Northern Cyprus more than twenty years ago, my neighbor was an elderly lady who had not seen the sea for eight years after 1963. In the afternoon, she sat on the porch in the shade of the lemon tree in her garden and watched over her grandchildren. Nalan hanà ½m and her family had survived those traumatic years in caves, in tents and in enclaves into which Turkish Cypriots had been squeezed, leaving behind loved ones, homes and property, and a peaceful life. She always felt living on an island without a glimpse of the Mediterranean around her had been the worst punishment of all. This experience alone seemed to symbolize in her mind the unforgotten fears, abuse, desperation and isolation of those years. She recalled how she had ventured to the northern shore and stared at the sea for the first time after so many years, feeling the cool breeze on her face. The policy of doing away with Turkish Cypriots was by that time being pursued through sever e economic sanctions, this time to squeeze them out of the island. She was then, like the rest of her people, still a hostage in her own homeland.

Curriculum Development Essay

Education is an essential economic factor for development by eradicating illiteracy. Region, where the curriculum developed should have positive influence on education but not have any negative effect on religious beliefs, by inclusion of tenets that govern religion. The second part of the paper discuses the development of new curriculum innovations, the processes followed, how it can be implemented, and the difficulties encountered during the implementation of the program. The analysis is centered on the implementation of the social study curriculum to students and how their teachers should use it. Introduction The impact of the education system is important for change to be realized. The primary aim is to enable designed curriculums to offer relevance to the educational program set in place. The educational curriculum is very important, especially when it comes to the stimulation of the individuals’ personality and enabling optimal functioning of schools and education systems within governments. The design innovation focuses on the school education which consists of primary and secondary schools (Markee, 1997). The study of interactive languages and subjects is beneficial to students since it improves on their communicative ability and social relations (Marcos, 1998). The aim of the curriculum is to enable the students learn with a lot of ease and have the ability to comprehend and solve problems adequately. Also there are some valuable advices to the teachers on how they can handle students their students effectively based on the quality trainings that they get (Marcos, 1998). The educational curriculum has proved to be a powerful base of knowledge for any nation to advance. It provides effective methods to accomplish educational policies with a lot of integration, by employing the new technologies. Its innovation is highly complex and requires further research and investigation (Fullan, 1993). There has been insufficient information on the curriculum process implementation. This has allowed the situation where the innovators dictate teachers on the use of their innovations. It is common for curriculum innovations to change with little noticeable impact on the classroom work and more so in the fieldwork practical (Morris, 1992). Case Study Protocol The rationale ensures organization of programs to cater for cultural, financial, religious and social requirements. English language was a perfect selection in case1 to determine what influence it will have on Islamic religion. Compared to TOC which guarantees that teachers get supported and trained; support in classrooms is needed for the implementation of the goal-oriented curriculum to be successful (Carless, 1997). Descriptive Account- Case 1 structural education system is composed of kindergarten, primary school years are six, intermediate three years and high school three years as well. Language subjects play key role in curriculum structuring since language skills have a greater influence on human social character. English language is among the most advanced languages and with highest speakers all over the world as an international language (Marcos, 1998). Purpose of studying foreign language enhances ability to communicate and even open up avenues of employment (Marcos, 1998). English language curriculum was introduced at intermediate stage with aim of enabling students write, read, and listen. At the end of the vocational study, students would have gained enough skills in English for possible advancement at secondary level in future. The main objective in Arabian casebook was driving at enabling student interact with members of English speaking community. In contrast learning English would advance Islamic religion by facilitating students to preach its doctrines and discredit any false thoughts from Islamic religious enemies. Another aim through the book is to enable student master command of English for purposes of advanced applications in certain situations, consequently the students be find it easy to express their ideas coherently and for fun and enjoyments (Carless, 1997). Book Content It was sub-dived into 2 sections. Section one was to be covered in semester one while semester two takes the second section. Eight units are in each section, and per unit are four lessons for reading, listening, and writing and extra one for oral and listening The main topics covered in the book are interesting ones to boost student attention like; Friendship, travel, others relates to the cultural traditions of Saudi Arabia and other diverse culture. In addition, the book has wonderful drawings, pictures and scenes that apply key striking new English words in sentences and variety of exercises (Carless, 1997). Benefits of learning English Learning a second foreign language at intermediate school had primary optimism since the teaching process has become easier and cheaper. The textbook design is flexible to be used in classrooms in different formats for communication. This includes discussion of answers in small groups, development of individual skills through practice exercises on reading, writing and oral. The book has targeted certain learning outcomes. In contrast to the Target Oriented Curriculum whereby the primary school is allocated seven lessons per week and is sub-divided into two sessions; the morning and the evening session though the evening session operates freely (Lynch, 1996) Learners aged between 6 and 7 years old have a problem with the new language–English which is being introduced to them as they try to put it into practice. Practically as they try to put up with the new curriculum they seem to have their own plan that govern them on the choices they make over what they are told due to the language problem and difference in both writing and pronouncing. The pupils are also involved in the communication and inquiring with the elements of reasoning and solving the problems involved in recognition of their members of their families in pictures (Lynch, 1996). The teachers’ attitude obtained is as a result of their own past knowledge as pupils, their leadership, teaching practice, interaction with coworkers and their rates and customs of the society within which they work (Waugh and Punch, 1987) The, main aim of TOC is following the daybreak guide session rather than through a positive desire to introduce the curriculum was the goal for the implementation. Also TOC is aiming at seeing the learners communicate through sharing and receiving significance , inquiring through curiosity , testing theory, blueprint identification and thoughts through organizing knowledge, reasoning through reasonable argument and pretentious or intrusive conclusions, solving problems including ,recognizing, assessing solutions and explaining. Also teachers should take to account the learners’ needs and interests (Clark et al. , 1994, p. 15) Another objective is that attention should be paid more to individual learning requirements of different learners for variations , in their learning styles, abilities and speed be looked into. Also there should be insightful capacity and desire for self development, positive orientation and good understanding towards the implemented curriculum. Proficiency and high standard of the English language, wide range of pupil-centered teaching techniques and also the ability for facilitation of effective learning outcomes Carless (1998). Teachers in Hong Kong insist on the communication of information and acquaintance therefore, they use the informative mode which is believed to be bigger because of all the limitations of communal examinations and reluctance of teachers to change. Therefore the Target Oriented Curriculum represents a fundamental change of the teachers in Hong Kong accustomed to carrying out traditional approaches since the focus is on task –based learning and more individualized learning styles (Carless, 1997). The limitations encountered during the process of implementation imply that there is lack of information on the curriculum implementation process and this is observed in response from the learners, the strategies used during the process, how the teachers go about putting in place the innovation to their own circumstance and also the speed and interest of the learners in adjusting to the new learning curriculum (Morris, 1992, 1995). Principles According to case 1, the main reason for acquiring the secondary language is for morale boosting and desire to excel. Subsequently, the language improves the students’ cognitive abilities and adds knowledge of socio-cultural lifestyles of the foreign community. In contrast to the Target Oriented Curriculum, English language teaching can be compared to a weak form of the based task approach where by the tasks tend to be attuned with the stage of production of creation sequence , performance, management, which are the regularly used in expa nsive methods (Wong,1996, p. 92). PART 2 Designing an innovative curriculum from a familiar context: An overview of how the principles from the case studies reviewed might be applied to my curriculum innovation. The good training is of prime importance since this is required for the deep understanding of the curriculum in place. Their understanding of both the theoretical underpinnings and classroom applications will ensure that the appropriate knowledge is delivered to the students. The dissemination of this innovation must contain sufficient information in order to simplify its understanding amongst the teachers. This will be achieved through generation of classroom teaching procedures for the innovation inform of syllabuses. Criterion-referenced assessment is to be used for assessing the pupil’s progress in class towards the targets and this will enable information to be recorded and reported to the schools administration as well as the parents. This will provide an integrated curriculum framework link between teaching, learning and assessment (Elsevier Science, 1998).. The learning of the subject through different text books will help in providing the students with diversified knowledge on the very subject. The pupils are encouraged to undertake educational trips as this will enable them to socialize with people of diversified origins hence improving on their social nature and this may make it easier for them to interact freely during their later years and also in every part of the world as a whole(Elsevier Science, 1998).. Description of the context The curriculum provides sufficient information on the culture of social studies, both practical and theoretical aspects that are necessary for the better understanding of the students. The strategies that are used during the implementation of new topics and the student’s reactions described. This paper will give a thorough review on the factors necessary for the implementation of social sciences as a subject in the schools. A number of key elements that helps in the process of innovation are discussed in relation to the social studies. The study sought to explore the importance realised in the implementation of new innovative curriculum within the schools. This is done through the multiple case study research design based on the social sciences impacts. The discussions will mostly focuses on the students reactions and how well and fast they can adjust to the changes available (Elsevier Science, 1998). Rationale for the innovation This innovation will aim at providing a better understanding for the students at an early age to the environment and how they should interact and associate with other components without much coercion. It will be aimed at how the attitudes of most of the learners can be captured and changed to accept some form of social changes that takes place within there localities. When students’ attitudes agree with this innovation the much success is likely to be realised, especially when it comes to the reduction of the human conflicts within most of the societies (Waugh and Punch, 1987). It will also ensure that much organization is realised especially in the public settings where educative functions are held, because the population will have known prior how to carry themselves responsibly, hence no much resistance to change. This approach will enable the development of understanding of the phenomenon from the students’ point of view (Waugh and Punch, 1987). A description and justification of the content, materials and methodology to be adopted The training and thorough teachings will therefore be stressed and much emphasis placed upon it in order to ensure effective transfer of knowledge. The content will involve a lot of textbooks reading and practical interactions with different social backgrounds to promote diversified knowledge and thinking. This also ensures easy dissemination of the innovation. The information will collected from at least twenty schools from different ethnic regions and both student and teachers sampled according to the classes they represent. This will enable information to be obtained from a number of sources and over a period of time. The students are the key elements of focus in this study and how they interact. The methods adopted comprised of practical, observations, measurement of attitude scales and interviews. The communicative methodologies are well incorporated to emphasise on the transmission of information and knowledge. An indication of the resources (people, facilities, equipment, and materials) required to implement the curriculum. For the purposes of implementation it requires well trained teachers, well equipped schools and diversity in the student’s background. The students’ differences are catered for by the involving language interpreters so as to eliminate the issue of language barrier. A number of issues have been developed to facilitate new language development (Ellis, 1998). The learning units within the set curriculum will serve as good facilitators in the learning process. The development and progress will mainly be based on how the schools invest in their pupils and this will form the basis under which the potential for the future generation will be uprooted from. The supportiveness of the government in providing the finances and the leaning aides is an added advantage to the initiative (Ellis, 1998). The proactive involvement of the college and university students is encouraged to facilitate the fruitful implementation of this innovation since it provides enriched base of knowledgeable people. Anticipated difficulties that may be encountered in implementing it and how these might be addressed. One of the stumbling issues is the possibility of changing the attitudes and the traditional beliefs of most of the students and the teachers (Kennedy & Kennedy, 1996). For the efficient implementation of the innovation, crucial training and support which requires modern equipments might be a challenge. Those without the modern training may loose enthusiasm towards the implementation of the curriculum, since they become frustrated by the problems posed and hence revert to older implementation methods which might not work (Gross et al. , 1971). The implementation will require both classroom and off classroom work which requires psychological and academic support from the innovation trainers. This will require a lot of finances and time. The students and teachers understanding of the innovation may pose some problems on the start of the program. This may require thorough information on the issues that concerns the particular innovation. The training needs to be more developmental and informative (Brindley and Hood, 1990). Insufficient support and training on the teachers, their enthusiasm about the innovation may be frustrated by implementing the problems which will turn against the project and hence go back to the old ways of teaching (Gross et al. , 1971) another difficulty will be the approach of the teachers towards the TOC and also teaching the language. Also the teachers’ familiarity with the TOC principles, to the extent that they believe that they are performing whether they are implementing the TOC principles and the strategies used . Also the nature of change and development in the teachers during the study period (Lynch 1996). The unwillingness of teachers to change from the didactic mode in Hong Kong is hard due; to the familiarization of teachers to the traditional approach (Carless, 1997). Difference in both writing and pronouncing is another challenge. In order for the curriculum to succeed, their must be implementation therefore teachers require adjusting to the content of the training to their own levels of knowledge and experience. Teachers also need to get access to the local and lasting operation training probably through the cascading material, an establishment of effective supervision and support system for the teachers. Teachers’ encouragement on commitment and motivation for instance through professional development opportunities and improved working conditions Verspoor (1989). For the second language development, participation should be rich in instructions because the language will serve as the intermediate as well as the center of instructions. Also the here and now principle need to be adhered to meaning that there will be a lot of concentration needed therefore in the action stage; pupils will have independent management over the content comparative meaning that they will have a choice over what is said even though there is a big information gap between the listener and the speaker. Students also have to adapt participation into intake Ellis (1988). Attention to different learners for learning styles, abilities and speed variations as well as their learning requirements of different learners. Also there should be insightful capacity and desire for self to develop, positive orientation and good understanding towards the implementation Carless (1998). A detailed plan for evaluating both the curriculum and its outcomes. For the evaluation of the curriculum and its principal outcomes the study is conducted within different schools. This is very necessary in order to reap maximum results, and also ascertain the desired effects on the students. Very valuable concepts on the learning environment of the students will be ascertained and the programme accountability identified. This will be based on different types of evaluation which include; formative evaluation, Summative evaluation and illuminative evaluation (Hitti, 2004). Formative evaluation concerns with the process of developing and designing of the social science curriculum. This is so as to ascertain on its effectiveness to deliver the core principles (Hitti, 2004). Illuminative evaluation looks into the assessment, functioning and implementation of the different sections and units of the program and this ensures competent learning processes is employed. Summative evaluation is mostly used by those who are involved in planning process identifying the significance of every bit of the curriculum implemented. This evaluation is done by the use of qualitative and quantitative analysis (Hitti, 2004). The three main conceptual elements making up the curriculum will be followed to the latter. These elements are targets, tasks and task-based assessment. The targets provide a common direction for the learning processes for all the institutions. It also helps in the facilitation of the planning and evaluation processes. Tasks provide the purpose for which the curriculum is meant and the context of the learning activities to wards the targets. The assessments are used to asses the progress of the students and enable report to be written and recorded to the relevant parties. The comparison to be done with other case studies which will enable information collected from the other sources be correlated to the quality of the innovation. This will enable development of understanding from the trainers’ point of view. More attention to be paid on the individual learning needs of students so as to be able to cater for the variety of needs of the pupils and their abilities. The classroom data will be collected in order to evaluate on the students improvement after the introduction of the new innovation. The fieldwork data is also availed to determine how well the students have adjusted to their social life-style. The students will actively be involved in their own learning and in the development of new knowledge and ideas. This is done through the interactive ways of learning, communication by sharing meaning, inquiring of clarifications through questions and tests of the hypotheses. Conceptualizing through organizing knowledge and identifying important groups. Critical reasoning and coming up with conclusions and ability to identify problems solve them and justify the inferences (Fullan, 1991). The quantity of the comprehension to which the students are being exposed together with the techniques used to facilitate students understanding, is of prime importance. It has been identified that acquisition is the most favourable way to better a students understanding. The understanding of the principles and practise of the curriculum innovation evolves over time as the teachers continue to gain further experiences through it (Fullan, 1991). Having a strong staff who are well equipped with instructional leadership skills, will help in building of collaborative cultures, academic, administrative and resource support means of facilitating the change required (Hall&Hord, 1987). Conclusion The study of the social sciences enables the government to develop an understanding, informative and knowledgeable population. This will in turn be very critical especially in the implementation of projects in the various parts of the country. The understanding of different ethnic backgrounds promotes free interactions and peaceful environments. It also facilitates in building good international society. The job environments especially companies will have easy time in dealing with their employees since they have the ability to understand one another. This study will enable various groups to remove the prejudices that certain people from common background are bad and not worth staying with. It will also equip the people with good learning skills necessary to earn living within any locality in the whole world. This paper has finally tried to show that good trainings are beneficial especially when it comes to the implementation of new curriculum to learning institutions. Despite the many challenges associated with the implementation of the new innovation, both students and teachers gave positive responses based on their understanding of the importance of the innovation. The gradual change indicated in the curriculum framework offers some flexibility and development of teachers and students in most regions. This is because the implementation comes with the changes in the teaching format and timing for each lesson taught. It also offers the teachers the opportunity of countering inertia and legitimising attempts to improve on how they handle the students. Reference A Sociological Analysis of Planned Educational Change (1996). Harper Row, New York. Carless, D. ,(1997). Managing systematic curriculum change: a critical analysis of Hong Kong’s target-oriented curriculum initiative. International Review of Education 43 (4), 349-396. Carless, D. , (1998). Quality teaching: an expert primary practitioner’s classroom behaviors and attitudes. Paper presented at a conference on Quality Education, Chinese University of Hong Kong. Clark, J. ,Scarino, A. , Brownell, J. , (1994). Improving the quality of learning: a framework For target –oriented curriculum renewal in Hong Kong. Institute of Language in Education, Hong Kong. Ellis, R. , (1988). Classroom Second Language Development. Prentice Hall, London. Gross,N. , Giacquinta,J. Bernstein, M. , 1971. Implementation Organizational Innovations: Hitti, M. , (2004). Being Bilingual Boosts Brain Power. Retrieved on 15th Augest 2008, from. http://www. webmd. com/parenting/news/20041013/being-bilingual-boosts-brain- power Lynch, B. , (1996). Language Program Evaluation: Theory and Practice. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Marcos, K. M. (1998) Second language learning: Everyone can benefit. The ERIC Review, 6 (1), 2-5. Morris, P. , (1992). Curriculum development in Hong Kong. Education Papers 7, Faculty of Education, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong. Morris, P. , (1995). The Hong Kong school Curriculum. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong. Verspoor,A. , (1989). Pathways to change: Improving the Quality of Education in Developing Countries. World Bank, Washington DC. Waugh, R. , Punch, K. , (1987). Teacher receptivity to system wide change in the Implementation stage. Review of Education Research 57 (3), 237-254.

The Gravity Model

Literature review Many researches and theories have been written according to the trade flows between two different zones (EU and BRICS countries). A researcher Cheney in 2008 reported that â€Å"The gravity model† is a very tangible method for empirical trade analysis that explains bilateral trade is described in trade flows in terms of the size of the trading partners (by GDPs), the distance among these countries (long distance creates additional cost on trade) and several other geographical specifications or policy aspects of any bilateral trade relationship. As these factors affect the value of trade between countries, they also affect the duration of these trade flows Prusa in 2006. Thus, we include the GDP of the destination country, the distance (in km) between Brussel, Berlin and the importer country's capital city, and various variables indicating contiguity (i.e. controlling for potential border effects), the existence of bilateral and multilateral trade agreements, EU membership of the destination market and a common language between Belgium, Germany and its trading partner (Brazil, Russian Federation, India, China and South Africa). We also control for the initial value of the export relationship in a destination to account for the initial level of confidence the trading partners originally had in the sustainability of this relationship Brenton in 2010 and to check the presented findings by Besede in 2008 that trade relations starting large last longer. The measurement of trade policy is not often changed even when the definition of trade policy is restricted to traditional tariff and non-tariff barriers to international trade.The TRAINS database of the United Nations' or the WITS database of the World Bank's are systematically exist from 1989. In totally, we can observe that measures of tariffs aremore available than measures of non-tariff barriers. (Anderson and Wincoop 2004). In some situations, there are different types of trade policy measurements: As price – we can show ad-valorem tariffs which are easy to calculate and most comparable across industries and time because they create barrier in international trade and it influences directly to the product's price. Furthermore, trade instruments such of that specific tariffs which are applied as a per-unit on imported goods. By analyzing the trade policy measurement across countries, industries and time that can effect inference about the effect of trade policies in cross-country and multi-industry researches (Harrigan and Barrow in 2009). A recent study by scholars from the  University of Kentucky College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, UK (2017) started to analyze the price of different type of chocolates in terms of consumers wants to purchase them. The research showed that online traders do not put higher cost for mixed chocolate than plain chocolate. Moreover, consumers agree to pay a premium for ordinary chocolate bars which are full of proteins and they will prefer to pay a premium for chocolate in comparison to milk chocolate according to dark chocolate's important benefits. Another interesting fact is that to produce a chocolate labeled in developing countries is less cost under the fair trade as opposed to other types of chocolate. Another author, Tracey Massey, president of Mars Chocolate (2016) stressed that for increasing our profit we have to apply newer innovation in chocolate products because of consumers' preferences. Thus, consumers love to taste new mixed products. In another tangible point, we refer to another scholar, Mr. Nielson (2016) corresponding to pricing and sales Nielson presented that chocolate as main product still covers most industry sales (88%) in the market. Hence, people buy chocolate much more during special ceremonies and holidays. In a light of another study of Mayer, which was presented in 2014, he noted that we have evaluate the level of international competition Belgian and German chocolate exporters face on each market. Firstly, we appreciate this observed level by taking into account the amount of chocolate imports from other countries (with the exception of Belgium and Germany). International competition can influence to the prolongation of the chocolate export in two levels. On the first level, countries importing a vast amount of chocolate may also import more chocolate from Belgium and Germany because of a strong preference for chocolate. On the second level, if international competition is tougher, Belgian and German exporters may see it more difficult to compete with other exporters in the market. Another important study came in 2011 by Lulia Monica from the Romanian Academy, Institute of World Economy. According to this paper, it can be seen that the relations between BRICS countries and these two developed countries is the key for the modernization on trade partnership. Thus, in recent decade the chocolate trade between both two areas have increased significantly, emphasizing the great evolution of Chinese and Russian shares on the market of Europe. In 2009, China became the third main exporter for the European market, and the main import country for Europe. After China, Russia came on the fourth place as exporting country, India the 8th and Brazil the twelfth. When it comes to the imports: China is the first import destination for Europe, Russia is the 3rd , Brazil the 9th and India the10th. As a result, this paper indicates that Belgium and Germany as EU countries is the most important trade partner for BRICS countries, both in the sector of exports and imports. Therefore, the points of this enquiry directed to analyze chocolate market share of the given countries above, the situation trade among these countries, to touch some parameters that directly affect the development of the chocolate market and to take into account trade factors in the different countries, how tariffs applied influence the level of export to BRICS countries.

Adapting to a New Environment essay Essay Example

Adapting to a New Environment essay Essay Example Adapting to a New Environment essay Paper Adapting to a New Environment essay Paper Human begins are very adaptable. We can live in most climates of the world. In the past, people tended to stay in the place they were born, but now we move easily from countryside to city, from one part of a country to another, and even from country to country. Each place has its own customs and ways of life, and countries also have different languages. When I moved from Vietnam to the united States, I had to make adjustments to my life. First of all, when I came to the United States, I didnt know how to speak English. I was very scared when I met someone. I thought about it every day because English is one of the hardest things is to communicate with native speakers. If you dont know it, it is difficult for you to do something. Then Ive lost a lot of time to study English. In short, I feel under pressure Often, and I wonder about a drug to acquire this language quickly. Secondly, America has different customs from Vietnam, for example, if you make plans with someone, you should go on time. Three to five minutes early is even better, because it shows that you are really interested to spend time with another person. Most of the time, people will wait five or ten minutes, but more than hat and they will angry, and they never want to make plans with you again. It shows you are not polite. If you late, or you cant come. You should phone the person at once and explain why. Dont be late repeatedly because it is the worst. You will become a bad guy. All in all, had to adjust and leave the old Vietnamese habit behind. Thirdly, the transportation in the United States was a concern to me because didnt know how to drive car, and I dont have anything to help me go. If I want to go somewhere, I have to go for a walk, and it takes long time to go. It is a disadvantage to me when want to go somewhere. I never had this problem in my country. Its easy to go somewhere because I know how to drive and have one motorcycle. I can go anywhere anytime I want. In conclusion, I need to take driver license and have a car to go everywhere that want in the United States. In conclusion, I wonder sometimes if I am the same person I was before I moved. By adjusting my English, my custom, and my transportation, I may appear to others as if I am a new person. However, I think of if not as having changed but as having grown.

Speech to the Troops at Tilbury Essay Example

Speech to the Troops at Tilbury Essay Example Speech to the Troops at Tilbury Paper Speech to the Troops at Tilbury Paper Essay Topic: Dunkirk Speech to the Troops at Tilbury Portrait of Elizabeth made to commemorate the defeat of the Spanish Armada (1588), depicted in the background. Elizabeths international power is symbolized by the hand resting on the globe. The Speech to the Troops at Tilbury was delivered on 9 August Old Style, 19 August New Style 1588 by Queen Elizabeth I of England to the land forces earlier assembled at Tilbury in Essex in preparation of repelling the expected invasion by the Spanish Armada. Prior to the speech the Armada had been driven from the Strait of Dover in the Battle of Gravelines eleven days earlier, and had by now rounded Scotland on its way home, but troops were still held at ready in case the Spanish army of Alexander Farnese, the Duke of Parma, might yet attempt to invade from Dunkirk; two days later they were discharged. On the day of the speech, the Queen left her bodyguard before the fort at Tilbury and went among her subjects with an escort of six men. Lord Ormonde walked ahead with the Sword of State; he was followed by a page leading the Queens charger and another bearing her silver helmet on a cushion; then came the Queen herself, in white with a silver cuirass and mounted on a grey gelding. She was flanked on horseback by her Lieutenant General the Earl of Leicester on the right, and on the left by the Earl of Essex, her Master of the Horse. Sir John Norreys brought up the rear. Content of the speech The text was found in a letter from Leonel Sharp sometime after 1624 to the duke of Buckingham. My loving people We have been persuaded by some that are careful of our safety, to take heed how we commit our selves to armed multitudes, for fear of treachery; but I assure you I do not desire to live to distrust my faithful and loving people. Let tyrants fear. I have always so behaved myself that, under God, I have placed my chiefest strength and safeguard in the loyal hearts and good-will of my subjects; and therefore I am come amongst you, as you see, at this time, not for my recreation and disport, but being resolved, in the midst and heat of the battle, to live and die amongst you all; to lay down for my God, and for my kingdom, and my people, my honour and my blood even, in the dust. I know I have the body but of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a king of England too, and think foul scorn that Parma or Spain, or any prince of Europe, should dare to invade the borders of my realm; to which rather than any dishonour shall grow by me, I myself will take up arms, I myself will be your general, judge, and rewarder of every one of your virtues in the field. I know already, for your forwardness you have deserved rewards and crowns; and We do assure you in the word of a prince, they shall be duly paid you. In the mean time, my lieutenant general shall be in my stead, than whom never prince commanded a more noble or worthy subject; not doubting but by your obedience to my general, by your concord in the camp, and your valour in the field, we shall shortly have a famous victory over those enemies of my God, of my kingdom, and of my people. Second Version Another version of the speech was recorded in 1612 by William Leigh. His version reads: Come on now, my companions at arms, and fellow soldiers, in the field, now for the Lord, for your Queen, and for the Kingdom. For what are these proud Philistines, that they should revile the host of the living God? I have been your Prince in peace, so will I be in war; neither will I bid you go and fight, but come and let us fight the battle of the Lord. The enemy perhaps may challenge my sex for that I am a woman, so may I likewise charge their mould for that they are but men, whose breath is in their nostrils, and if God do not charge England with the sins of England, little do I fear their force†¦ Si deus nobiscum quis contra nos? (if God is with us, who can be against us? ) Two primary sources of the Tilbury Speech in Elizabethan English are available from the Women Writers Project.

7 Tips to Learn New Skills Fast

7 Tips to Learn New Skills Fast Everybody has their own reasons to learn new skills. Some need them for work, some because of the changes, caused by various life events, some choose to do it just because its fun. Wherever your motivation lies, mastering a new skill in a quicker and more efficient way will certainly benefit you. Weve collected 7 tips to help you do this. Pick the one to your liking or try combining all of them! Stare Steal In the vast majority of cases learning a new skill is not a matter of being naturally gifted. Its rather a combination of perseverance and practice. The research suggests, that to get started on this way you are to do two highly important things: stare at people doing something you want to learn and dont hesitate to use your observations in practice. Go to master classes, recitals or tournaments and turn them into a study session from an entertaining activity. Staring means close examining of what helps a person do something proficiently. Stealing is using these little details in your own activities. For instance, if you aim at learning how to play the piano – watch the moves of the musician and do your very best to notice special tilt of the wrist and the way they touch those ivories. And when you go back home, mimic the manners. This principle applies to lots of spheres of activities. Take it and use it. Deconstruct Learning a new skill gets far more manageable when you dissect it into several constituents. A functional model of doing this in an effective way was suggested by Tim Ferris, an expert on learning issues. He has come up with DiSSS system: Deconstruction, Selection, Sequencing and Stakes. So, first you have to break down the skill into small bricks. Then you choose the way of applying 20% of effort, thats going to bring 80% result. Next, you are to think of the best order to learn the blocks of the skill. Last but not least, you need to come up with a system of praise and punishment, thats going to motivate you to actually go all the way through. Lets say your goal is learning how to play the guitar. To begin, you need to learn a set of chords, necessary to play a couple of your favorite songs. Having looked through the list, you may range them from the easiest to the most complicated ones. Then, start practicing, gradually increasing the difficulty level. Dont stop until youve come to the first evident result. Once youre there – throw a little party and perform for your guests. If youre not – dont go out until you reach the needed result. See? DiSSS in action! Dont Be Afraid to Be Stupid Thats one of the most common fears. Dont let it stand in the way of your learning new, amazing things. Ask questions and make mistakes – thats a sure recipe of getting not theoretical knowledge, but hands-on experience, which is a much shorter way to succeeding in a new area. Dont hesitate to take risks and make scary decisions. Going the safe, correct way may deprive you of the opportunity to engage into an interesting journey, that will actually be far more beneficial in the end. Who knows, maybe the stupid question you ask on the forum will lead to unexpected fascinating circumstances? Maybe the way you cook that meal is even better than the original recipe? Be a daring explorer and have fun with it. â€Å"No† to Routine The study has shown, that changing the way of practice is more advantageous than mere repetition of the action. The participants were asked to attend several training sessions, aimed at teaching them to move a cursor with the help of a device, that responded to squeezing. Representatives of one group were asked to perform different exercises during the sessions, while people from the other one stuck to a single exercise pattern. In the end, participants from the first batch showed better results, having demonstrated higher level of ability to adjust to new conditions as well as better overall performance. Although the research concentrated on motor skills, the approach is applicable to other ones just as well. For example, when you learn a new language, you may either simply repeat and revise new words or use them in different constructions or word games. In fact, youll see the benefits of the second method quite soon. Dont Make Things Difficult Thats simply a matter of common sense. The best practices of learning the skill youve chosen have probably already been established. So dont reinvent the wheel. Watch a couple of YouTube tutorials or go through articles, devoted to the topic. It never hurts to use others experience. Once you learn the basics, youll get a chance to create your own routes. Be a Doer, Not Just a Learner Going through theoretical basis is definitely a good start. However, if youve decided that to learn the skill you need to read 10 classic books, devoted to the topic, you are most probably wrong. If you dont see the first result of your practice soon, youre very likely to lose all the interest. Dont let this happen. So, if you want to learn how to cook, for example, get down to business as soon as possible. You may seek inspiration from different sources later. However, at the starting point you need to be as down-to-earth as possible. Cook that salad and youll get to the bouillabaisse faster. Discomfort Is a Friend People love being comfortable. Nevertheless, relaxation is not good if you want to master a new ability quickly. Your brain feels that the environment is safe and warm, thus, you shouldnt try any harder. Thats why putting yourself in rather tough conditions is actually good. The best-performing schools and training facilities often look pretty basic and definitely are far from luxury. So, dont get too comfy and try to avoid distractions. This technique will facilitate learning, enhance your performance and make you even happier, when you praise yourself with a little something, having made progress. Learning is an adventure, where the prizes are guaranteed, in case you pay enough effort and diligence. Have an awesome one!

Use of new technologies by traditional businesses-Information Essay

Use of new technologies by traditional businesses-Information technology management - Essay Example The state of competition requires that the business use some of the most inexpensive business tools technology available in the market and in the internet world. Some of these technologies are even costless. Many of them are inexpensive and can be afforded by small businesses. What are some of the most modern internet communication technology and services that can be accessed by a small business firm, particularly that one that is engaged in motorcycle sales and repair business? In short, what are some of the technological tools available for a motorcycle sales and repair business? How can one access the technology? How much would the technological tools costs? What are the applications for the business? These are the key concerns of this short report. We focus on five tools that can be used by small firms engaged in motorcycle sales and repairs businesses: the social networking sites, website, softwares for motorcycle diagnostics, Iphone, and the iPads. Description. Social networking sites are sites from which one can reach thousands of people on a daily basis. The social networking sites are many. One of the groups monitoring the social networking sites, the Selfgrowth.com, reported that the top social networking sites are Facebook with 500 million members, MySpace with 130 million members, and Friendster with 90 million members. Self-growth.com mentioned that Twitter is a fast-growing networking site that managed to grow so fast in a matter of a few months. Twitter allows one to send messages of more than 140 characters through SMS but current improvements in Facebook allows the user to change â€Å"status† or â€Å"messages† via SMS on a 24-hours/7-days-a-week basis. Cost. The additional cost of using the social networking sites are practically costless. Businesses usually have a computer and usually have access to the internet. A business can allocate one or two hours for social networking and it is feasible to pay the person executing

Situational Price Sensitivity in Marketing Essay

Situational Price Sensitivity in Marketing - Essay Example Each customer will have a certain price acceptability window and different customers have different limits in their perceptions of what price is within their range. Pricing is an extremely important part of the marketing mix that has been neglected for a long time. It is the only marketing strategy variable that generates a positive cash flow. The remaining variables (Advertising and promotion, product development, selling effort, distribution, packaging) all create costs. To optimize pricing and all related marketing mix instruments, price sensitivity is an essential contract. Sensitivity is defined as "the response of an organ or organism to external stimuli" (Webster's Third New International Dictionary 1993). Price Sensitivity is used by organizations that are working with unknown pricing situations, new products, products that offer thin margins or products that offer improved benefits to established products. Put together, the term price sensitivity clearly refers to the response of an individual to the amount of money asked or paid for a good or service. This commonsense definition is generally agreed upon (e.g., Hoch et al. 1995; Tellis 1988). It indicates what effect a price change will have on the buyer's intention to purchase a given product or class of products. If buyers are considered price sensitive, changes in price will cause (definite) changes in their buyer behavior. If they are not price sensitive at all, price changes will not result in a change in their purchasing behaviour. In this study, price is assumed to have a negative effect on the purchase probability. A higher price will normally lead to lower demand.(1) Price is hence a negative attribute of an electronic entertainment product. Price sensitivity is defined as the degree to which consumers use price as a decision-making criterion (Lichtenstein, Bloch, and Black 1988). However, its analysis has been mostly focused on traditional consumer goods like groceries or apparel, which have different characteristics in production and consumption than electronic entertainment or media products. In order to assesses what actions have to be taken by media companies to react to price sensitive consumers, the price sensitivity construct and its determinants and consequences have to be scrutinized. There have been many prior studies of how advertising affects two equilibrium quantities: the price elasticity of demand and/or the price level. Our work is differentiated from previous work primarily by our focus on how advertising shifts demand curves as a whole. As Becker and Murphy pointed out, a focus on equilibrium prices or elasticities alone can be quite misleading. Indeed, in many instances, the observation that advertising causes prices to fall and/or demand elasticities to increase, has misled authors into concluding that consumer "price sensitivity" must have increased, meaning the number of consumers' willing to pay any particular price for a

History Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History Book Review - Essay Example Rosie the Riveter, often depicted as someone in overalls and a bandana, is portrayed as a woman of confidence and strength. The book effectively represents Rosie as a very womanly character who maintained her femininity despite being almost exactly the opposite of how women were stereotyped during that period. One can say that this concept of the â€Å"Rosie† image served as a model to mobilize women to take on factory jobs that the men left behind. She was portrayed almost as a superwoman of that age. She produces things that are superior to what any regular woman can do. She is beautiful and glamorous, muscular and strong. She has to be different from the typical American housewife yet maintain something in her that most American housewives would admire and want. She symbolizes the principle that production and work have nothing to do with gender. Rosie the Riveter’s whole essence is about change, and for this, she has several unions adopting her image as their symbol and was wholeheartedly embraced by the American working class women. In the book, author Penny Coleman expounds on the details of the efforts done by women for the work force during the World War II. They took over industrial works that were usually reserved for men while these men were away for the war. It was very efficiently written and focused, which is one good factor since it aims to educate mostly the young readers. The contents of a written work can usually be disregarded if the writing style is too much for the young minds. That is not the case in this book. It is also clear that the author skillfully delved into the changes that greatly impacted these women’s lives even beyond their own homes. Coleman included several first-hand details that depicted the different forms of struggles these women went through before, during, and after the shift from being housewives or working women’s jobs to the more male-dominated roles. â€Å"Rosie the riveter: Women

United States school reform model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

United States school reform model - Essay Example Public schools in the US are long overdue for reform. The pedagogy, governance, and organization are archaic, as are the methods of teaching and day to day operations. Yet it is no small task to overhaul a system that has been in place for well over one hundred years. There have been several attempts to change the way schools were run, yet each one has failed, or has affected change on only a few schools. Few would argue that America's public schools are no longer meeting the needs of the families they serve, much less reaching their potential as ideal environments for children to grow and learn in. Schools are essential to society, but they must grow and change to meet the needs of the people that reside within that society. To change schools, it is necessary to look at change to the way schools are run, both at a micro and a macro level or organization. It is necessary to look at how the school should interact within the community, and how it should create its' own community. And f inally, it is necessary to look at the pedagogy, and how it works and is assessed within the schools.Current school government is convoluted, and is micro-managed at far too many levels. Each school has government, then each district, then each county, each state, each region, and finally, on a country-wide level. This overabundance of government comes also with very little organization. Tyack looks at governance as a definite place of difficulty in education. Citing the New York City schools as an example, he points out that when control is de-centralized, people demand centralized governance; yet when the governance is centralized, the people want governance back at the local level. When it returns, the cycle repeats itself (Tyack 76-77). It is clear that governance of schools needs to be clear about hierarchy of power, and also with regard to who is in charge of what areas of education. Because American's are an ever changing population characterized by the constant shifting and movement of groups from one area to another, it stands to reason that public schools should be run on a country wide level, and not on a state run level. Goodlad, author of A Place Called School, recommends similar changes, only at a state level. He explains "State officials, including the governor, should be held accountable for articulating a comprehensive, consistent set of educational goals for schools (Goodlad 275). He suggests that it is not reasonable, nor logical to place the blame for not following educational mandates upon schools; that it is the responsibility of the state to pass on these new mandates, and to ensure that the schools are funded for the changes (Goodlad 274). His recommendations are reasonable, although they do not account for the need to maintain standards country-wide, which would be better served by one organization rather than several. By limiting governance to one major organization, all schools would be subject to the same rules and tests, allowing c hildren to move from school to school with regular uniformity. Health codes and nutrition could also be met at a federal level, ensuring the health of America's children over the long term. Clearly, in addition to federal level government there needs to be local organization also, to provide support and to ensure all schools are accounted for. This can be met by having state level governance, removing the need for district level altogether. With-in schools, current governance allows for the handling of discipline and day to day operations. The principal of each school should have power over the daily operations of the school, but should also be a part of the staffing decisions and possibly a member of a state advisory board, that would help suggest curriculum or other changes to a state committee. School governance needs to take into account American Society, and the changes that take place yearly. Community involvement is also a necessary component of school success. Goodlad suggests that in

Benetton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Benetton - Essay Example Benetton started out on a shoestring budget. Although the first retail shop was a success, the lack of funds prevented the family from expanding. The problem was solved by appointing agents in territories to promote the Benetton products by approaching shop owners or individuals interested in opening up retail stores to buy and sell the company products. For their service, agents were paid "4 % of the value of goods shipped from the Benetton's warehouse complex in Italy." Initially, Benetton's chains of retailing clothing stores were restricted to only certain areas in Italy catering to the younger generation. As the family business grew, so did the expansion of its operations into new markets, which enabled the company to reach a wider clientele. Benetton was no longer only confined to merely "making and selling sweaters." The company began in the "manufacturing and distribution of clothing constructed from wool, cotton and other fabrics; undergarments; shoes; cosmetics; accessories ; eye wear; auto accessories; and sports equipment." The success of Benetton can be attributed to the family's strategic business plan, which they initiated from the very beginning and continued to follow for the next 3 decades. One of the strategy's used was to attract investors to partner with Benetton's "on a 50/50 ownership basis and maximum latitude given to (and minimum structured imposed) on partners. Interested parties had to have an investment of $70,000 "(to buy fixtures for a 600- to 1000- square foot shop) and the right attitude to become a Benetton shop owner." Through the years the business evolved into an entrepreneurial culture. When the Benetton family signed up new stores, they didn't have the time or patience for formal agreements, instead they started with handshake agreements. The Benetton's didn't have time to oversee every detail of the retail stores, and gave the stores the freedom to make its own choices. Even in business partnerships, the agreements were often handshake deals and structures to give the partner as much flexibility as possible.Employees continued to work with minimal supervision and were given the freedom to "do the right thing". Unlike a traditional franchise where the franchiser dictates every detail about the business, Benetton stores were refereed to a licensee, and were given many freedoms that normal franchisee are not given 2) Is Benetton a global operation Benetton became one of the dominant forces in the international apparel retailing industry through its global operations. The company's success in the international market can be attributed to the "stage-five process." The stage-five process was created with the sole purpose of testing " the market potential and the ability of partners, agents and licensees to adopt the company's model before investing large sums of management time or capital." The Benetton family relied heavily on the stage five-process, to determine how effective and successful their business would be in a new market prior to entering it. The stage-five process can be defined as: 1) Appointing a Benetton agent in a "foreign country"

Food Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Food Ethics - Essay Example Most people associate agriculture with retrogressive economic engagement while they consume food that primarily comes from the same. This is a clear indication of the increased risk of blind consumption of food with the significant disconnect between the source and the end user. Increasing urbanization is characterized by increased consumption of industrial food with the limited nutritional check (Wendell 145). In essence, the rate of fast food consumption already raises concern among the American families with significant obesity cases increment. People have literally distanced themselves from agricultural activity and define food from what is really to eat or semi-cooked from the supermarket or grocery stores. Wendell raises concern about what people fail to note when they pay for otherwise low quality and nutrition-deficient food. This can be attributed to changing the socio-economic and political structure of the society. People have little time to think over the source of what t hey consume in the name of food. Besides, the prices paid are not questioned neither are the nutritional content. The industrial concentration on mass production and widespread emphasis on food stores for conveniences supports Wendell’s concern on the future of humanity. The emerging lifestyle health risks are directly a product of poor diet. Consumers have distanced themselves from the actual production and offered commercial entities to take control and reap profits. Wendell explores the indirect increase in healthcare costs as a result of food-related health risks. Proposals on engaging in even small-scale gardening for food are highly recommended as the industrial viewpoint is highly unethical. There are various aspects of the ethical concept that Wendell emphasizes as far food consumption is concerned.  

Benetton Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Benetton - Essay Example Benetton started out on a shoestring budget. Although the first retail shop was a success, the lack of funds prevented the family from expanding. The problem was solved by appointing agents in territories to promote the Benetton products by approaching shop owners or individuals interested in opening up retail stores to buy and sell the company products. For their service, agents were paid "4 % of the value of goods shipped from the Benetton's warehouse complex in Italy." Initially, Benetton's chains of retailing clothing stores were restricted to only certain areas in Italy catering to the younger generation. As the family business grew, so did the expansion of its operations into new markets, which enabled the company to reach a wider clientele. Benetton was no longer only confined to merely "making and selling sweaters." The company began in the "manufacturing and distribution of clothing constructed from wool, cotton and other fabrics; undergarments; shoes; cosmetics; accessories ; eye wear; auto accessories; and sports equipment." The success of Benetton can be attributed to the family's strategic business plan, which they initiated from the very beginning and continued to follow for the next 3 decades. One of the strategy's used was to attract investors to partner with Benetton's "on a 50/50 ownership basis and maximum latitude given to (and minimum structured imposed) on partners. Interested parties had to have an investment of $70,000 "(to buy fixtures for a 600- to 1000- square foot shop) and the right attitude to become a Benetton shop owner." Through the years the business evolved into an entrepreneurial culture. When the Benetton family signed up new stores, they didn't have the time or patience for formal agreements, instead they started with handshake agreements. The Benetton's didn't have time to oversee every detail of the retail stores, and gave the stores the freedom to make its own choices. Even in business partnerships, the agreements were often handshake deals and structures to give the partner as much flexibility as possible.Employees continued to work with minimal supervision and were given the freedom to "do the right thing". Unlike a traditional franchise where the franchiser dictates every detail about the business, Benetton stores were refereed to a licensee, and were given many freedoms that normal franchisee are not given 2) Is Benetton a global operation Benetton became one of the dominant forces in the international apparel retailing industry through its global operations. The company's success in the international market can be attributed to the "stage-five process." The stage-five process was created with the sole purpose of testing " the market potential and the ability of partners, agents and licensees to adopt the company's model before investing large sums of management time or capital." The Benetton family relied heavily on the stage five-process, to determine how effective and successful their business would be in a new market prior to entering it. The stage-five process can be defined as: 1) Appointing a Benetton agent in a "foreign country"

Interpreting and Aligning National, State, and Local Standards Research Paper

Interpreting and Aligning National, State, and Local Standards - Research Paper Example These standards were made in line with both college and work expectations and they are clear, understandable and consistent. According to CSSI (2012), these standards include rigorous content and application of knowledge through high-order skills and they are built upon strengths and lessons of current state standards. They are also evidence based and thus they are expected to contribute significantly to the improvement of quality and value of education in all the states in this country. These common core standards have several advantages that result after they have been fully implemented in the states. The common core standards help to identify all stakeholders in education and the knowledge skills that the students must acquire for them to be successful in college and career (Kendall, 2011). This is a very great advantage to the stakeholders since it can assist them in tailoring their activities towards facilitating the students to acquire these kinds of knowledge. Another advantag e is that they help in the achievement of some kind of uniformity in terms of skills and knowledge developed by students by the time they join college or work among all the states. These can enable the students to attend a college in a state different from his state of origin or even work effectively in a state different from the one in which he attended school. ... They make the experienced teachers incur some difficulties in their attempt to adjust their activities to suit a particular set of students. Another disadvantage is that they do not favor all the states equally since they can be influenced by the learning environment. This makes some content of these common core standards require some adjustments and modification to meets education requirements in a particular state. The standards that currently have the strongest influence on the education environment I work in are the common core standards for language art. These standards are concerned with the standards that need to be achieved in reading, writing, listening, speaking, and language translation (CCSSI, 2010). These standards will be having a great influence on the education environment in which I will be working. This is because they will be the ones shaping most of the activities that I will be undertaking in my effort to promote language learning among my students. One of the wa ys they will be shaping my activities is influencing the choice of activities to use in my teaching. My teaching activities will be varying depending on the learning objectives of my lesson. If the learning objectives are to promote language listening skills, then in designing my teaching activities I will be considering the common core standards for language listening knowledge. If the learning objectives are concerned with promoting speaking skills, then I will be putting into consideration the common core standards for such kind of knowledge and so on. This would make the lesson meet the required standards, enhancing its chances to help the students achieve the level of competency required. These common core standards will also be influencing the kind of teaching

The Importance Of Privacy And Confidentiality Health Essay

The Importance Of Privacy And Confidentiality Health Essay Privacy and confidentiality are extremely important in the contemporary healthcare system, especially in relation to family and child counseling. Today, it is necessary to research implications of the introduction of confidentiality and privacy in health care environment. Basically, the problem of privacy and confidentiality refers not only to ethical but also legal issues since healthcare professionals are obliged to maintain the confidentiality and protect private information of patients from breaches. However, healthcare professionals may face a dilemma between preserving privacy and confidentiality of children counseling and treatment and the natural desire of parents to get all information about the treatment and the state of their children. Introduction First of all it should be said that the privacy and confidentiality is guaranteed to any patient, regardless his or her age, social position, race, etc. In the last years relations between doctors, patients and wide public suffered considerable changes. Although a doctor must operate in behalf of a patient conformable to the conscience, the corresponding guarantees of the autonomy and just attitude toward the patient are also needed. The most meaningful international sources of rights for citizens in the area of medicine are: the Lisbon declaration of the World medical association about the rights of patients, adopted on the 34th session of the World medical assembly (Lisbon, Portugal, September/October, 1981, with bringing of the amendments on the 47th session of the General assembly, Bali, Indonesia, September, 1995) and the Declaration about the policy in the area of providing of rights for a patient in Europe (European conference on rights for patients, Amsterdam, March, 28-30, 1994. World Health Organization, the European regional bureau). According to the indicated documents all patients have the following rights while providing the medical care: the right for high-quality medical help; the right for freedom of choice; the right for the informed consent; the right to inquire the opinion of another doctor on any stage; the right of self-determination; the right for information; the right for confidentiality; the right for the medical-social education; the right for dignity; the right for religious help and assistance. Attitude toward the patient must always be built with the maximal account of his interests; the applied treatment must correspond to the generally accepted and ratified medical principles. Confidentiality of medical information Confidentiality of medical information is the confidenceness and secrecy of information, reported by a patient to the medical worker at an appeal and receipt of medical care. Medical secret is the data, not subjected to the disclosure, about the fact of appeal of a patient for medical help, diagnosis, and another information about the state of his health and private life, received as the result of inspections and treatments, prophylaxis and rehabilitation. At an appeal for medical help and its receipt a patient has the right for maintenance in the secret of information about the fact of appeal for medical help, about the state of health, diagnosis and another information, got at his examination and treatment, and also on the choice of persons, whom in behalf of the patient the information about his state of the health may be given to. In the case of violation of rights for a patient he can apply with a complaint directly to the leader or another public servant of medical and preventive establishment in which the medical care is given to him, to the corresponding professional medical associations and licensed commissions or to a court. The right of the citizens for the confidentiality of the information transferred by them at an appeal and receipt of medical care, and also another information, making the medical secret, generates the responsibility of medical workers and another persons for its disclosure. As it has already been said every person has the right for confidentiality and privacy. And it does not matter if the patient is a child or a grown-up, because children are also individuals and they also have rights. This is confirmed by documents. All the identified information about the state of patients health, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment, and also any another information of the personal character is considered to be confidential even after the death of the patient. In exceptional cases the descendants may get a title access to the information, concerning the risk of the inherited diseases. The confidential information may be divulged only in the case that the patient will give a direct consent or such disclosure is directly foreseen by the law. The information may be revealed to other establishments of health protection exceptionally when it is necessary, if the patient has not given a direct consent. All the identified information about the patient must be guarded. The defence of information is carried out in accordance with the order of their storage. The persons whom the identified information may come from must be protected in the analogical order. All the information about the state of health of the patient, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of his disease, and also any other information of the personal character must be kept in secret, even after the death of the patient. The confidential information may be exposed only when there is a clear expressed consent of the patient for this, or it is required by the law. The consent of the patient is assumed to opening of confidential information to the medical personnel, taking part in treatment of the patient. All the data that are able to declare the identity of the patient must be protected. The degree of defence must be in the adequate form of storage of the data. The parts of the human body, from which it is possible to extract the identification information, also must be kept with the observance of requirements of defence. The patients have the right for the access to the medical report, and also to all the materials, that concern the diagnosis and treatment. The patient has the right to get the copies of these materials. However the data concerning the third persons must not become accessible for the patient. The patient has the right to demand the correction, addition, clarifications and/or the exclusion of the data of the personal and medical character, if they are inexact, unfull or does not relate to the explanations of the diagnosis and realization of treatment. Any intruding in the questions of the personal and domestic life of the patient is forbidden, except for those cases, when the patient does not object against it and the necessity of the encroachment is dictated by the aims of diagnostics and treatment. In any case, the medical intruding in the personal life of the patient surely supposes the respect of his secrets. That is why such encroachment should be carried out only in the real presence of the strictly necessary for its realization persons, if the patient will not wish something other. The patients, coming and entering the medical and preventive establishment, have the right to count on the presence of inventory and equipment in this establishment, necessary for the guarantee of the maintenance of medical secret, especially in those cases, when the medical workers provide care, accomplish the research and medical procedures. On the other hand, this formal protection of the private information of children patients comes into clashes with the insistence of parents who are unwilling their child or children having any secrets from them, especially if the health of children is under concern. In this respect, it should be said that children, unlike adult patients, do not have absolutely identical rights since they are not fully responsible for their actions and their personality is not fully shaped. As a result, it is parents of children that are responsible for them and, therefore, they have larger rights to get access to information concerning their children, their health and treatment. Reception of information The persons under age have the right for the receipt of necessary information about the state of their health in an accessible form for them; here the minors have the right for the voluntarily informed consent to the medical interference or refuse from it. The necessary precedent condition for the medical interference is the informed voluntarily consent of the citizen. The consent to the medical interference in regard to the persons, not attaining majority, give their legal representatives, i.e. parents after revealing them the information. In default of legal representatives a concilium makes decision about the medical interference, and at the impossibility to gather a concilium the directly treating (attendant) doctor does it with the subsequent notification of public servants of the medical organization and legal representatives of the patient. A citizen or his legal representative has the right to refuse the medical interference or to demand its stopping. At refuse from the medical interference the possible consequences must be explained to the citizen or his legal representative in an accessible for him form. The refuse from medical interference with pointing of possible consequences is formalized by a record in the medical documentation and is signed by the citizen or his legal representative, and also by the medical worker. At the refuse of parents or other legal representatives of a person, not attaining adult age, from medical care, necessary for the rescue of life of the indicated persons, the hospital establishment has the right to appeal to the court for defence of interests of these persons. The right of the citizens for keeping in secret the information about the fact of appeal for medical help, about the state of health, diagnosis and another information, making a medical secret, generates the duty of medical workers and other persons, having an access to this information, to providing of its confidentiality. If a patient is under age or incapable on some other reasons, the consent of the legally appointed representative is required, when such possibility is foreseen by the legislation. Nevertheless, a patient must take a direct part in decision-making in a maximally possible volume. If an under age patient is able to accept rational decisions, his decisions must be taken into account and he has the right to forbid the disclosure of information to his legally appointed representative. If the legally appointed representative or a person, authorized by the patient, does not give consent to treatment, which, in opinion of the doctor, answers the interests of health of the patient, the doctor is necessary to contest the indicated decision in corresponding legal or another establishment. In an extraordinary situation the doctor is necessary to operate in behalf of health of the patient. So, from the said above we can make a conclusion that children have also rights for privacy and confidentiality but parents, who are responsible for them, have the right to know about the state of health of their children and about their medical treatment. One of the most spread medical problems in the United States is the problem of obesity among school children. The epidemic of obesity is one of the major problems of health protection. For the last two decades the indexes of prevalence of obesity grew almost in three times. In the countries of the WHO the half of adult population and every fifth child have the surplus mass of body, and the third from them already suffers obesity, here the number of such persons increases in rapid rates. The overweight and obesity play a considerable role in the development of many uninfectious illnesses, result in reduction of the expected life-span and render the unfavorable affecting quality of life. Every year diseases, related to the surplus mass of body, become reason of more than one million cases of death. An especially anxious tendency is observed among children and teenagers, that conduces to strengthening of epidemic among the adult population and creates a really big threat to the health of our future generations. The annual rates of growth of indexes of prevalence of obesity among children continuously increase and presently exceed the level of 1970 to ten times. Professor Recep AkdaÄÅ ¸, for example, marks that obesity is one of the major problems of community health care in the twenty the first century. Use of the integral approach to the solution of this problem, for which he comes forward, will allow to take into account all its aspects: violation of feed, physical activity, and also socio-economic factors and development of policy in this area examining them from the point of view of epidemic distribution of this problem, being beyond the temporal and national borders. In particular, the growth of epidemic of obesity among children and teenagers is a threat to the health and welfare of future generations. Mr. Recep Tayyip Erdogan, prime minister of Turkey, pays attention that the problem of obesity lies down as a heavy burden both on the systems of health protection and on the economy of countries. In particular, he expressed a concern about the consequences of obesity for the health of children, and also frequency of cases of premature death, related to obesity. He marks that he does not believe in the efficiency of the simplified approaches, such as a simple motive of people to eat more healthy food and not to engage anymore in physical exercises. Michelle Obama says that one of the most serious dangers for our future is an epidemic of obesity of children in America. This problem disturbs her not only as the First lady, but as a mother. The truth is that children have not done themselves obese. They are fed by parents like this; they are fed at school like this. Children do not produce foods in which there is too much sugar or salt. And however they ask pizza, fried potato and candies, the decision depends on adults, on us. So, let us clarify what is obesity. Presence of surplus amount of fat in an organism is called obesity. This state, usually determined as an overweight, presents a serious danger for the physical health of people. Statistical data of different insurance companies beyond controversy testify that considerable obesity is attended with an enhanceable death rate from the row of heavy diseases. Researches, conducted by G. Mayer and his employees in the Harvard University, showed that obese girls-teenagers possessed the same psychological features that persons, belongings to the minorities, exposed to discrimination. Obese young girls are not only too concerned by the state but also differ in passivity, fearing a hostile relation to itself. These fears are fed by the real displays of antipathy from the side of surroundings. Moreover, fashion-papers and movies with the participation of very thin models and actresses, propaganda in newspapers and magazines of diets for slimming and obtrusive advertising of quack receptions, pills and recipes for the decline of weight increase the psychological danger which suffering from obesity young people are exposed to. The estimations of prevalence of obesity depend on the used criteria. For example, lets remember that in 1950-1952 Ministries of health of the USA conducted the research of frequency of overweight among an adult population, using tables height/weight. The percent of people with an overweight hesitated from 9 to 40%. Nevertheless the amount of the inspected was not too great, except for the cities of Atlanta (something about 140 000 persons) and Richmond (something about 36 000 persons, and from them 12% with an overweight). At the inspection of children in the district of Boston it turned out that the frequency of the sharply expressed obesity exceeded 26%. The danger consists in the habit to the wrong feed and the overweight in childs age may be also saved in youth and further for adults, when it is already contingently with evident consequences for humans health. More and more specific data show that obesity in childs and juvenile age combines with the early displays of atherosclerosis disease, characterized by the deposit of fatty matters on the walls of arteries. The overweight in childhood is a predecessor of obesity in the adult age. The row of associate physical and emotional problems accompanying obesity may last all the life, in particular case for women. Moreover, the probability of obesity for adults in this case increases: 50% of children which had an overweight in 6 years become obese by adults; in teens this probability increases to 80%. The paediatrician Frank à Ã‚ . Franklin the medical director of the UAB/Childrens Hospital Childrens Center for Weight Management considers that years are needed for the side effects of obesity to develop, but some children of early age also may suffer from serious diseases. Medical states such as a diabetes mellitus of the second type, apneustic breath, hypertension and risk of atherosclerosis factors, meeting before almost exceptionally for adults, now appear for children with the surplus mass. Early interference, till the stereotypes of feed and way of life are fixed, reduces the chances of proof obesity and complications related to it. The prevalence of obesity in the USA gained the character of epidemic. The data for 1999 2000 of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) show, that in the period between 1960s and the end of 1990s the amount of children with obesity in the age from 6 to 11 years has more than tripled, increasing from 4% to 15.3% (JAMA. 2002;288: 1728-1732). This tendency was saved for children in the age from 12 to 19 years, during this interval of time the prevalence grew from 5% to 15.5%. The fascination of prevalence is most of all expressed in the Americans of Mexican origin and teenagers-Afro-Americans. Gender features are not found out. Presently, one of 5 children in the USA has an overweight according to the last data of NHANES, children begin to suffer from the overweight earlier. More than 10% of under-fives suffer from the overweight Franklin says. Thus, additionally 15% of children and teenagers in the age from 6 to 19 years are exposed to the risk of obesity. In 2000 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC worked out the diagrams based on body mass index (BMI), for determining the surplus weight in the childs age. The maps of the height worked out by CDC determine normal vibrations of BMI for the individuals in the age from 2 to 20 years, explains Franklin. BMI for children must be determined annually for all the children. A doctor must measure the arteriotony, glucose and cholesterol for the children with an overweight with the purpose of diagnostics of secondary complications, and also the level of triglycerides. The dramatic increase of prevalence of surplus mass for children is fed by many socially-ethics factors, including the increase of variety of food, size of portions and electoralness in food, as well as by the increase of consumption of sweetened drinks and decline of physical activity. The endogenous cases of obesity are rare, Franklin underlines. Genetic syndromes, including Cohen and Bardet Biedl, are presented by dismorphic features and delay of development in addition to obesity. The deceleration of height in length is related to the syndrome of Prader Willi and endocrine reasons of obesity, such as hypothyroidism and syndrome of Cushing. A normal height in length is not characteristic for these states, Franklin marks. Moreover, children with the idiopathic increase of body mass are often higher than the average height (for their age), and often have domestic anamnesis burdened by obesity. Children with an overweight must be examined on the concomitant pathology. Under the concomitant pathology one understands the diabetes, obstructive apneustic breath, illnesses of skin, orthopaedic problems related to the weight, cholelithiasis, depression and cardial risk factors. Obesity can be classified by its etiology (by the origin) on genetically conditioned, at which heredity comes forward on the first plan; traumatic, conditioned by the damage of a certain area of cerebrum, namely hypothalamus, by endocrine diseases or psychical disorders; and exogenous, developing as a result of immobility or surplus of fats in the feed (this type of obesity is also observed at some types of animals). Different etiologic factors, doubtless, co-operate with each other in a great degree. For example, genetic obesity shows up only in condition of the sufficient feed. Obesity can be also classified by the mechanism of its development. On this basis criterion, we may distinguish the regulator types of obesity, which the cerebral focis of adjusting of the appetite are broken at, and metabolic, related to the metabolic disturbance. According to Cornette (2008) the states, characterized by turbo speed of synthesis of fats in an organism, by violation of their use (oxidizations), and also braking of selection of glucose by the liver are related to the last. Such metabolic changes also result in the increase of appetite. Experiments on animals, mainly on mice, showed the existence of many varieties of both regulator and metabolic obesity. Although classification of obesity for a man only begins, it is not eliminated that it may be based on the same principles. It is also possible, that the regulator obesity is the most widespread for a man; the insufficient physical activity belongs to the number its reasons. Modern information about the mechanisms of adjusting of appetite does not allow to understand for a while up to the end how the different types of obesity development for a man. However it is quite clear, that this regulator system is extraordinarily difficult. In 1912 the prominent American physiologist W. Cannon showed that privation of food caused rhythmic reductions of stomach; strong reductions are accompanied by the unpleasant feelings which are one of the elements of sense of hunger. The French pathologist G.Roussy discovered at this time, that the damage of hypothalamus (small area of brain, being situated at once above a hypophysis) promoted an appetite for a man, resulting sometimes in voracity. Later G.Brobek and B. Anand in the University of Yale found out in the hypothalamus the areas, called lateral focis; at destruction of these focis an animal stopped eating. In future à -. Mayer showed that some areas of cerebrum, called satiations of saturation, controlled the hungry reductions of stomach, and also braked the activity of lateral focis. It was also set, that after eating the sense of satiation, i.e. gap-fillingness of stomach, arising up at once, formed with the participation of the row of neurohormonal reflexes. It is clear, that such a difficult mechanism, having metabolic, endocrine, neurological and psychological aspects, may be broken by many methods. The next example shows that even easy violations in time affect very noticeably. So, 500 g of fatty fabric for a man are equivalent to approximately 3500 calories. Power inputs at moderate physical activity are made by 3000 calories a day. If one consumes 3100 calories a day, that only on 3% exceeds expenses, then it will give the increase of about 5 kg of fat in a year. It is set, that for children, who have one of the parents suffering from obesity, the frequency of the overweight is much higher, than for those who have thin parents, and among children who have both parents suffering from obesity, the frequency of the overweight arrives to 80%. Between the bodyweight of adopted children and parents, even if the adoption happened in the first months of the childs life, the correlation is rather weak or quite absent. Finally, it is shown that the persons of a certain build are much more predispositioned to obesity, than the others, and the build, as it is generally known, is determined genetically. Having studied the question of obesity I have my opinion on its treating. Any person, aspiring to be delivered from obesity, must foremost understand that it is conditioned by surplus of calories, i.e. it arose up because during some time the consumption of food exceeded the power inputs. The decline of weight may be obtained by either diminishing of consumption of food (by the observance of diet), either increasing of power inputs (by physical exercises) or combination of the first and the second. As it was already mentioned, 500 g of fatty tissues are equivalent to something about 3500 calories. So, to lose this amount of fat, a deficit is needed in 3500 calories. Let us suppose that a child for the indemnification of his power inputs must get 2000 calories a day. If he will consume food in an amount, equivalent only to 1500 calories a day, then in a week he will become thin approximately on 500 gs. If he consumes only 1000 calories a day, the slimming will make the whole kilogram for a week. Except for the special circumstances, to lose weight more than on 1-1,2 kg a week is undesirable. Moreover, although for most people the loss of a few kilograms threatens nothing; it is possible to begin the rapid decline of weight only under the doctors control. As a rule, it is not recommended for children to reduce the weight. Best of all is to save the weight of an obese child at the permanent level, while a kid will not grow to it. When the question is about childrens obesity, it is important to remember that often it is related mainly to the insufficient physical activity, but not to the plenty of food and that it is simpler and more effective to increase the physical activity of a child, than to limit him in the meal. It will be necessary also to mean, that the permanent critical remarks concerning the obesity of a child or teenager bring more harm, than benefit. Finally, it is necessary to emphasize that any kind of diet for growing children must be valuable. The use of the unbalanced fashionable diets, even if they provide the decline of weight, may have very heavy consequences. An important value in controlling of body weight is the attitude of the man and surroundings. Although the fight against obesity requires the self-discipline and persistence, it mainly presents a medical, but not moral variation of problem, and doctors, as well as all the surroundings, must help a patient, but not to convert obesity into the cause for reproaches. Frightening is not certainly recommended, however the underlining of connection between the obesity and illnesses, and also positive influence of decline of weight on the appearance often serves as an incentive reason for the patient. Nevertheless the promises of rapid success may appear so dangerous, as well as threats, in particular when the question is about children. Experience shows that most people imagine very dimly, what foods are high-calorific, and what are not. Therefore a doctor must make sure that a patient has some picture of power value of different foods of feed. Advertising of producers, propagandizing low-caloric bread, light beer etc interferes a complete awareness in this area. A popular information about the effect of physical exercises also requires corrections. It is quite not needed for the obeses to exhaust themselves from time to time by the excessive loading. However they must firmly know that the course of slimming requires the everyday moderate physical activity, if only, that is extremely rarely, it is not contra-indicated on the medical considering. it is necessary to lead to the patient the role of genetic predisposition to obesity, for the persons with the burdened heredity to watch especially carefully after the weight. The value of physical activity for the fight against an overweight is often neglected, and such approach is even ridiculed sometimes. It is related to two erroneous presentations. One of them consists in that most physical loading is allegedly attended only with very small power inputs, and the second is in that the increase of physical activity allegedly is always accompanied by the increase of consumption of food, that deletes its effect. The first error is easy to overcome, familiarizing with the concrete table of power expenses at the various types of physical activity. For an hour of walking, for example, a man weighing about 70 kg depending on the fast spends from 150 to 400 calories over ordinary. While running the same man expends from 800 to 1000 calories in an hour, while wheeling from 200 to 600, and while rowing to 1200 calories in an hour. Moreover, an obese man expends more energy on the same type of physical activity, than the man of normal weight. The second misbelief according to which the increase of physical activity entails the increase of use of food is based on the misinterpretation of the known facts. Really, the additional loading for a physically active man requires a corresponding increase of calorie intakes, otherwise the progressing exhaustion develops, and death may even come from malnutrition. Farmers know since long ago, that maintenance of animals in close cages makes them more obese, and more data show that the similar factor the full absence of physical activity plays an important role in the development of obesity for a man. At the inspection of children, I mean schoolboys of initial and senior classes, who live near-by Boston, it was discovered that they usually acquire the superfluous weight in winter months, i.e. in the period, when the physical activity of most children in these climatic terms is mionectic. At comparison of class-mates of different weight, but of one height it turned out that the thick girls do not eat quite more than the girls of normal weight, and even less. However the thick girls spare far fewer time for the physical loading. Other interesting fact was found out at a survey and further analysis of motions of the thick and thin girls during the lessons of physical education. It turned out, that even during the lessons the first are not so act ive, as second ones. Whenever possible (in absence of medical contra-indications) the persons suffering from obesity must regularly take exercises, especially children who can not be hold on strict diets, because it can tell on the height of the organism and have psychological fallouts. In addition, it is good to aspire to the harmonious development of childs body, and not simply to the loss of fat. The most accessible and inexpensive type of physical exercises is still walking. Although only 200-300 calories are spent for an additional sentinel walk, the daily expenses are added up. For a year, for example, the daily sentinel walks will provide the loss of such amount of calories, which is equivalent to 7-14 kg. Engaging in swimming and tennis will bring to the loss of approximately 700 calories for an hour. A healthy child does not test some unpleasant feeling from the half-hour of physical activity, requiring an expense of 500-600 calories in an hour. The restrictive diets must answer three requirements: 1) to create the deficit of calories; 2) to provide the balanced feed in order to avoid healths risk and 3) to be adapt, not very expensive and to correspond to the flavor of a patient, so that he with a pleasure could with some variations cleave to the chosen kind of diet for a long time, and may be, also during all his life. The widely advertised fashionable diets are able to provide the success for some short period, however they can not be recommended for the protracted period of time. An opinion was spoke out, that the special diets are possible to use for the reduction of sizes of stomach or diminishing